Python: Add 'limited_api' kwarg to extension_module

This commit adds a new keyword arg to extension_module() that enables
a user to target the Python Limited API, declaring the version of the
limited API that they wish to target.

Two new unittests have been added to test this functionality.

3 files changed, 21 insertions, 6 deletions

diff --git a/docs/markdown/Builtin-options.md b/docs/markdown/Builtin-options.md
index fed893e10..ca4fd14c0 100644
--- a/docs/markdown/Builtin-options.md
+++ b/docs/markdown/Builtin-options.md
@@ -370,12 +370,13 @@ install prefix. For example: if the install prefix is `/usr` and the
 
 ### Python module
 
-| Option           | Default value | Possible values             | Description |
-| ------           | ------------- | -----------------           | ----------- |
-| bytecompile      | 0             | integer from -1 to 2        | What bytecode optimization level to use (Since 1.2.0) |
-| install_env      | prefix        | {auto,prefix,system,venv}   | Which python environment to install to (Since 0.62.0) |
-| platlibdir       |               | Directory path              | Directory for site-specific, platform-specific files (Since 0.60.0) |
-| purelibdir       |               | Directory path              | Directory for site-specific, non-platform-specific files  (Since 0.60.0) |
+| Option            | Default value | Possible values             | Description |
+| ------            | ------------- | -----------------           | ----------- |
+| bytecompile       | 0             | integer from -1 to 2        | What bytecode optimization level to use (Since 1.2.0) |
+| install_env       | prefix        | {auto,prefix,system,venv}   | Which python environment to install to (Since 0.62.0) |
+| platlibdir        |               | Directory path              | Directory for site-specific, platform-specific files (Since 0.60.0) |
+| purelibdir        |               | Directory path              | Directory for site-specific, non-platform-specific files  (Since 0.60.0) |
+| allow_limited_api | true          | true, false                 | Disables project-wide use of the Python Limited API (Since 1.3.0) |
 
 *Since 0.60.0* The `python.platlibdir` and `python.purelibdir` options are used
 by the python module methods `python.install_sources()` and
@@ -405,3 +406,7 @@ python bytecode. Bytecode has 3 optimization levels:
 
 To this, Meson adds level `-1`, which is to not attempt to compile bytecode at
 all.
+
+*Since 1.3.0* The `python.allow_limited_api` option affects whether the
+`limited_api` keyword argument of the `extension_module` method is respected.
+If set to `false`, the effect of the `limited_api` argument is disabled.
diff --git a/docs/markdown/Python-module.md b/docs/markdown/Python-module.md
index f67262abf..05ae57de2 100644
--- a/docs/markdown/Python-module.md
+++ b/docs/markdown/Python-module.md
@@ -101,6 +101,11 @@ the addition of the following:
   `/usr/lib/site-packages`. When subdir is passed to this method,
   it will be appended to that location. This keyword argument is
   mutually exclusive with `install_dir`
+- `limited_api`: *since 1.3.0* A string containing the Python version
+  of the [Py_LIMITED_API](https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/stable.html) that
+  the extension targets. For example, '3.7' to target Python 3.7's version of
+  the limited API. This behavior can be disabled by setting the value of
+  `python.allow_limited_api`. See [Python module options](Builtin-options.md#python-module).
 
 Additionally, the following diverge from [[shared_module]]'s default behavior:
 
diff --git a/docs/markdown/snippets/python_extension_module_limited_api.md b/docs/markdown/snippets/python_extension_module_limited_api.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5da9699d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/markdown/snippets/python_extension_module_limited_api.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+## Support targeting Python's limited C API
+
+The Python module's `extension_module` function has gained the ability
+to build extensions which target Python's limited C API via a new keyword
+argument: `limited_api`.