rust: Fix linking with C libraries (again)

Pass link arguments directly down to linker by using `-C link-args=`
instead of letting rustc/linker resolve `-l` arguments. This solves
problems with e.g. +verbatim not being portable. Note that we also pass
`-l` args as `-Clink-args=-l` because rustc would otherwise reorder
arguments and put `-lstdc++` before `-Clink-args=libfoo++.a`.

However, when building a rlib/staticlib we should still use `-l`
arguments because that allows rustc to bundle static libraries we
link-whole. In that case, since there is no platform specific dynamic
linker, +verbatim works.

This also fix installed staticlib that now bundle uninstalled static
libraries it links to (recursively). This is done by putting them all
into self.link_whole_targets instead of putting their objects into
self.objects, and let rustc do the bundling. This has the extra
advantage that rustc can bundle static libries built with CustomTarget.

Disable bundling in all other cases, otherwise we could end up with
duplicated objects in static libraries, in diamond dependency graph
case.

Fixes: #12484

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