compilers: Enable out-of-the-box MSVC compatibility with ccache

ccache has been for a long time compatible with MSVC (since 4.6)
but when using debug mode, the /Z7 flag must be passed instead of
/Zi.

See https://ccache.dev/releasenotes.html#_ccache_4_6

6 files changed, 45 insertions, 34 deletions

diff --git a/mesonbuild/backend/vs2010backend.py b/mesonbuild/backend/vs2010backend.py
index deb3dfb23..8804b8daa 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/backend/vs2010backend.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/backend/vs2010backend.py
@@ -865,6 +865,8 @@ class Vs2010Backend(backends.Backend):
         # FIXME add args as needed.
         if entry[1:].startswith('fsanitize'):
             return True
+        if entry[1:] in frozenset(['Zi', 'Z7', 'ZI']):
+            return True
         return entry[1:].startswith('M')
 
     def add_additional_options(self, lang, parent_node, file_args):
@@ -1348,11 +1350,11 @@ class Vs2010Backend(backends.Backend):
         if '/fsanitize=address' in build_args:
             ET.SubElement(type_config, 'EnableASAN').text = 'true'
         # Debug format
-        if '/ZI' in build_args:
+        if '/ZI' in build_args or '-ZI' in build_args:
             ET.SubElement(clconf, 'DebugInformationFormat').text = 'EditAndContinue'
-        elif '/Zi' in build_args:
+        elif '/Zi' in build_args or '-Zi' in build_args:
             ET.SubElement(clconf, 'DebugInformationFormat').text = 'ProgramDatabase'
-        elif '/Z7' in build_args:
+        elif '/Z7' in build_args or '-Z7' in build_args:
             ET.SubElement(clconf, 'DebugInformationFormat').text = 'OldStyle'
         else:
             ET.SubElement(clconf, 'DebugInformationFormat').text = 'None'
diff --git a/mesonbuild/cmake/interpreter.py b/mesonbuild/cmake/interpreter.py
index 1019246c5..54c9ae696 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/cmake/interpreter.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/cmake/interpreter.py
@@ -851,6 +851,10 @@ class CMakeInterpreter:
         trace_args = self.trace.trace_args()
         cmcmp_args = [f'-DCMAKE_POLICY_WARNING_{x}=OFF' for x in DISABLE_POLICY_WARNINGS]
 
+        if mesonlib.version_compare(cmake_exe.version(), '>= 3.25'):
+            # Enable MSVC debug information variable
+            cmcmp_args += ['-DCMAKE_POLICY_CMP0141=NEW']
+
         self.fileapi.setup_request()
 
         # Run CMake
diff --git a/mesonbuild/cmake/toolchain.py b/mesonbuild/cmake/toolchain.py
index 11a00be5d..902d6b088 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/cmake/toolchain.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/cmake/toolchain.py
@@ -174,6 +174,16 @@ class CMakeToolchain:
             return p
 
         # Set the compiler variables
+        comp_obj = self.compilers.get('c', self.compilers.get('cpp', None))
+        if comp_obj and comp_obj.get_id() == 'msvc':
+            debug_args = comp_obj.get_debug_args(True)
+            if '/Z7' in debug_args:
+                defaults['CMAKE_MSVC_DEBUG_INFORMATION_FORMAT'] = ['Embedded']
+            elif '/Zi' in debug_args:
+                defaults['CMAKE_MSVC_DEBUG_INFORMATION_FORMAT'] = ['ProgramDatabase']
+            elif '/ZI' in debug_args:
+                defaults['CMAKE_MSVC_DEBUG_INFORMATION_FORMAT'] = ['EditAndContinue']
+
         for lang, comp_obj in self.compilers.items():
             language = language_map.get(lang, None)
 
diff --git a/mesonbuild/compilers/detect.py b/mesonbuild/compilers/detect.py
index f57957f0b..a0ae8108d 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/compilers/detect.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/compilers/detect.py
@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from ..mesonlib import (
     MesonException, EnvironmentException, MachineChoice, join_args,
-    search_version, is_windows, Popen_safe, Popen_safe_logged, windows_proof_rm,
+    search_version, is_windows, Popen_safe, Popen_safe_logged, version_compare, windows_proof_rm,
 )
+from ..programs import ExternalProgram
 from ..envconfig import BinaryTable
 from .. import mlog
 
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ def detect_compiler_for(env: 'Environment', lang: str, for_machine: MachineChoic
 # =======
 
 def _get_compilers(env: 'Environment', lang: str, for_machine: MachineChoice,
-                   allow_build_machine: bool = False) -> T.Tuple[T.List[T.List[str]], T.List[str]]:
+                   allow_build_machine: bool = False) -> T.Tuple[T.List[T.List[str]], T.Union[None, ExternalProgram]]:
     '''
     The list of compilers is detected in the exact same way for
     C, C++, ObjC, ObjC++, Fortran, CS so consolidate it here.
@@ -269,7 +270,8 @@ def _detect_c_or_cpp_compiler(env: 'Environment', lang: str, for_machine: Machin
     from . import c, cpp
     from ..linkers import linkers
     popen_exceptions: T.Dict[str, T.Union[Exception, str]] = {}
-    compilers, ccache = _get_compilers(env, lang, for_machine)
+    compilers, ccache_exe = _get_compilers(env, lang, for_machine)
+    ccache = ccache_exe.get_command() if (ccache_exe and ccache_exe.found()) else []
     if override_compiler is not None:
         compilers = [override_compiler]
     is_cross = env.is_cross_build(for_machine)
@@ -516,9 +518,10 @@ def _detect_c_or_cpp_compiler(env: 'Environment', lang: str, for_machine: Machin
                 raise EnvironmentException(m)
             cls = c.VisualStudioCCompiler if lang == 'c' else cpp.VisualStudioCPPCompiler
             linker = guess_win_linker(env, ['link'], cls, version, for_machine)
-            # As of this writing, CCache does not support MSVC but sccache does.
-            if 'sccache' not in ccache:
-                ccache = []
+            if ccache_exe and ccache_exe.found():
+                if ccache_exe.get_name() == 'ccache' and version_compare(ccache_exe.get_version(), '< 4.6'):
+                    mlog.warning('Visual Studio support requires ccache 4.6 or higher. You have ccache {}. '.format(ccache_exe.get_version()), once=True)
+                    ccache = []
             return cls(
                 ccache, compiler, version, for_machine, is_cross, info, target,
                 full_version=cl_signature, linker=linker)
@@ -641,7 +644,8 @@ def detect_cuda_compiler(env: 'Environment', for_machine: MachineChoice) -> Comp
     from ..linkers.linkers import CudaLinker
     popen_exceptions = {}
     is_cross = env.is_cross_build(for_machine)
-    compilers, ccache = _get_compilers(env, 'cuda', for_machine)
+    compilers, ccache_exe = _get_compilers(env, 'cuda', for_machine)
+    ccache = ccache_exe.get_command() if (ccache_exe and ccache_exe.found()) else []
     info = env.machines[for_machine]
     for compiler in compilers:
         arg = '--version'
@@ -876,7 +880,8 @@ def detect_objcpp_compiler(env: 'Environment', for_machine: MachineChoice) -> 'C
 def _detect_objc_or_objcpp_compiler(env: 'Environment', lang: str, for_machine: MachineChoice) -> 'Compiler':
     from . import objc, objcpp
     popen_exceptions: T.Dict[str, T.Union[Exception, str]] = {}
-    compilers, ccache = _get_compilers(env, lang, for_machine)
+    compilers, ccache_exe = _get_compilers(env, lang, for_machine)
+    ccache = ccache_exe.get_command() if (ccache_exe and ccache_exe.found()) else []
     is_cross = env.is_cross_build(for_machine)
     info = env.machines[for_machine]
     comp: T.Union[T.Type[objc.ObjCCompiler], T.Type[objcpp.ObjCPPCompiler]]
diff --git a/mesonbuild/compilers/mixins/visualstudio.py b/mesonbuild/compilers/mixins/visualstudio.py
index 275e7ab0a..4125ed885 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/compilers/mixins/visualstudio.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/compilers/mixins/visualstudio.py
@@ -66,11 +66,6 @@ msvc_optimization_args: T.Dict[str, T.List[str]] = {
     's': ['/O1', '/Gw'],
 }
 
-msvc_debug_args: T.Dict[bool, T.List[str]] = {
-    False: [],
-    True: ['/Zi']
-}
-
 
 class VisualStudioLikeCompiler(Compiler, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
@@ -180,7 +175,10 @@ class VisualStudioLikeCompiler(Compiler, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         return ['/Fo' + outputname]
 
     def get_debug_args(self, is_debug: bool) -> T.List[str]:
-        return msvc_debug_args[is_debug]
+        if is_debug:
+            return ['/Z7']
+        else:
+            return []
 
     def get_optimization_args(self, optimization_level: str) -> T.List[str]:
         args = msvc_optimization_args[optimization_level]
diff --git a/mesonbuild/envconfig.py b/mesonbuild/envconfig.py
index 43fad0cd2..447639e00 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/envconfig.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/envconfig.py
@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-import subprocess
 import typing as T
 from enum import Enum
 
 from . import mesonlib
 from .mesonlib import EnvironmentException, HoldableObject
+from .programs import ExternalProgram
 from . import mlog
 from pathlib import Path
 
@@ -423,31 +423,23 @@ class BinaryTable:
                 del self.binaries['pkgconfig']
 
     @staticmethod
-    def detect_ccache() -> T.List[str]:
-        try:
-            subprocess.check_call(['ccache', '--version'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
-        except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
-            return []
-        return ['ccache']
+    def detect_ccache() -> ExternalProgram:
+        return ExternalProgram('ccache')
 
     @staticmethod
-    def detect_sccache() -> T.List[str]:
-        try:
-            subprocess.check_call(['sccache', '--version'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
-        except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
-            return []
-        return ['sccache']
+    def detect_sccache() -> ExternalProgram:
+        return ExternalProgram('sccache')
 
     @staticmethod
-    def detect_compiler_cache() -> T.List[str]:
+    def detect_compiler_cache() -> ExternalProgram:
         # Sccache is "newer" so it is assumed that people would prefer it by default.
         cache = BinaryTable.detect_sccache()
-        if cache:
+        if cache.found():
             return cache
         return BinaryTable.detect_ccache()
 
     @classmethod
-    def parse_entry(cls, entry: T.Union[str, T.List[str]]) -> T.Tuple[T.List[str], T.List[str]]:
+    def parse_entry(cls, entry: T.Union[str, T.List[str]]) -> T.Tuple[T.List[str], T.Union[None, ExternalProgram]]:
         parts = mesonlib.stringlistify(entry)
         # Ensure ccache exists and remove it if it doesn't
         if parts[0] == 'ccache':
@@ -458,7 +450,7 @@ class BinaryTable:
             ccache = cls.detect_sccache()
         else:
             compiler = parts
-            ccache = []
+            ccache = None
         if not compiler:
             raise EnvironmentException(f'Compiler cache specified without compiler: {parts[0]}')
         # Return value has to be a list of compiler 'choices'